Ingqikithi ye-knee arthroplasty (TKA), owaziwa nangokuthi ukuhlinzwa okuphelele kokushintshwa kwamadolo, kuyinqubo ehloselwe ukufaka indawo eyonakele noma egugileidolo elihlangenengeukufakelwa kokwenziwa noma ukufakelwa. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa ukuze kudambise ubuhlungu futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwabantu abane-arthritis eqinile yamadolo, i-rheumatoid arthritis, i-post-traumatic arthritis, noma ezinye izimo ezithinta amadolo.
Nakhu okufingqiwe kwezinqubo zokuhlinzwa ezihilelekile ku-arthroplasty ephelele yamadolo:
Ukuhlola Ngaphambi Kokuhlinzwa: Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, isiguli senziwa ukuhlolwa okuphelele, okuhlanganisa ukubuyekezwa komlando wezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, izifundo ze-imaging (ezifana nama-X-ray noma i-MRI), futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Lokhu kusiza ithimba labahlinzayo ukuthi lihlole impilo yesiguli iyonke futhi lihlele inqubo ngokufanele.
I-Anesthesia: I-arthroplasty ephelele yamadolo ngokuvamile yenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile, i-anesthesia yomgogodla, noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili. Ukukhethwa kwe-anesthesia kuncike esimweni sempilo yesiguli, izintandokazi, kanye nesincomo sikadokotela ohlinzayo.
I-Incision: Uma i-anesthesia ilawulwa, udokotela ohlinzayo wenza i-incision phezu kwamadolo. Usayizi nendawo yokusikwa kungase kuhluke kuye ngezinto ezifana nokwakheka kwesiguli nendlela yokuhlinzwa esetshenzisiwe. Izingosi ezijwayelekile zokusika zihlanganisa ngaphambili (ngaphambili), uhlangothi (okusemaceleni), noma phambi kwedolo (umugqa omaphakathi).
Ukuchayeka Nokulungiselela: Ngemva kokufinyelela ekuhlanganyeleni kwamadolo, udokotela ohlinzayo uhambisa ngokucophelela izicubu ezizungezile ukuze aveze izindawo ezihlangene ezilimele. Uqwanga nethambo elilimele bese likhishwa ku-femur (ithambo lethanga), i-tibia (ithambo le-shin), futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-patella (i-kneecap) ukuze lizilungiselele ukubekwa kwezingxenye zokufakelwa.
Ukufakelwa: Izingxenye zokufakelwa zihlanganisa izingxenye zensimbi nezepulasitiki eziklanyelwe ukuphindaphinda isakhiwo semvelo kanye nomsebenzi wejoyinti yamadolo. Lezi zingxenye zihlanganisa insimbiingxenye yesifazane, insimbi noma ipulasitikiingxenye ye-tibial, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ingxenye yepulasitiki ye-patellar. Izingxenye ziqiniswa ethanjeni kusetshenziswa usimende wethambo noma ngamasu okulinganisa ukucindezela, kuye ngohlobo lokufakelwa kanye nokuthandwa ngudokotela ohlinzayo.
Ukuvala: Uma izingxenye zokufakelwa sezikhona futhi idolo elihlangene lihlolwe ukuzinza nobubanzi bokunyakaza, udokotela ohlinzayo uvala i-incision nge-sutures noma i-staples. Kusetshenziswa ukugqoka okuyinyumba endaweni yokusikwa.
Ukunakekelwa Kwangemva Kokuhlinzwa: Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, isiguli sibhekwa ngokucophelela endaweni yokululama ngaphambi kokuba sidluliselwe egumbini lasesibhedlela noma endaweni yokunakekela ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Ukuphathwa kobuhlungu, ukwelapha ngokomzimba, nokuvuselela kuyizici ezibalulekile zohlelo lokunakekelwa kwe-post-operative ukukhuthaza ukuphulukiswa, ukubuyisela amandla amadolo nokusebenza, nokuvimbela izinkinga.
I-Total knee arthroplasty iyinqubo ephumelela kakhulu engathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lempilo yabantu abahlushwa izinhlungu zamadolo eziwohlokayo kanye nokungasebenzi kahle. Nokho, njengakunoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, kunezingozi nezinkinga ezingase zibe khona, okuhlanganisa ukungenwa yizifo, amahlule egazi, ukuxega kwe-implant, kanye nokuqina. Kubalulekile ukuthi iziguli zilandele imiyalelo kadokotela wazo wokunakekelwa kwangemva kokuhlinzwa kanye nokubuyisela esimweni esifanele ukuze kutholakale imiphumela engcono kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-17-2024